A guide to British Machin definitives by Andrew Hill

Practically all definitive stamps have for 40 years  had some form of phosphor coating applied over their surface. This enables  sorting machines to distinguish first class post by detection of the bands' reaction to ultra-violet light. The most common types of application are bands,  running vertically down the stamp or some form of coating over the whole stamp area.

It is quite easy to detect whether a mint stamp has  bands or not - the phosphor shows as a matt area on the surface when the stamp  is viewed at an angle. Distinguishing between stamps which have either no coating, 'all over' phosphor, phosphor coated paper and the later advanced coated paper is much more difficult and really does require an ultra-violet lamp. Fortunately, most issues will have other more clearly distinguishing features but there are still several values, noticeably the 2p, which can  be found in virtually every conceivable type!

I make no apologies for including variations PCP1 and PCP2 in several issues. This is because I had noticed  some extremely shiny items appearing in 1980 with often quite rich-looking  colour as a result. I kept examples of these together with their duller  counterparts and it wasn't until some time later that I read about the different types of PCP that were being used on some issues. I have, therefore, included  all instances where I understand that the shiny PCP2 was used as this produces a very clearly identifiable separate stamp. Where only one type of PCP was used I have left the reference as PCP without a number.

I am somewhat troubled by having to include the blue phosphor issues that started to appear in 1995. Apart from those with other changes, I would probably have never noticed but the British  Philatelic Bureau made a huge marketing effort, launching the issues with mailshots galore as if they were something quite remarkable! Much as though I would love to have had checklists for some other things and never did get them,  they even sent out regular updates listing what we should all have and when the  next ones would be appearing. It was all quite extraordinary but made a pleasant  change from the centre stage being virtually permanently occupied by commemoratives and mugs. Accordingly the blue phosphor issues simply have  to be included - but you'll need a lamp to detect some of them!

Something I have yet to attend to is the business of bars. Whereas most issues were produced with bands of phosphor running  across the whole sheet there have been many occasions when a first class stamp  has been printed adjacent to a second class stamp and the process of running a  band or two across a whole sheet wouldn't work. This has applied principally in  the production of booklets featuring mixed panes of stamps. (This is also where most of the left and right band variations come from.) In order to ensure that the first class two bands didn't overlap onto the second class single band someone had the bright idea of printing phosphor in bars, each bar being somewhat shorter than the height of the stamp to reduce the likelihood of  overlap. These are quite easy to spot of nice new clean booklet panes but it can be quite a task to determine whether a band is really a bar on used items and even some single mint stamps. Detection can be further complicated by the  fact that not all bands are as clear as we would like them to be and there are inevitably going to be examples where the phosphor drains off at one edge and  what should be a band looks like a bar. Luckily for us, practically all  instances of bars appear on stamps which feature in the catalogue as a  result of other criteria but I am conscious of the fact that there must be a few  which exist with identical criteria apart from one variety having bands and another bars and that these must be included. I just have to admit to not  having got round to that job to date.

If anyone is desperate to know if they are missing something then I am happy to advise on individual issues in the  meantime.

A similar argument applies to my omission of reference to the width of bands or bars. They do come in a range of widths but unless you are disposed to operate a magnifying glass, ruler and  ultra-violet lamp all at the same time, detection will be troublesome. Should there be any items for which band width is, indeed, the sole distinction then I  suppose I shall have to include them - and will do, when I get round to it.

Incidentally, if there is anyone out there who has completed this bit of research I would be glad to hear from you and will gladly include appreciative comments, links or whatever is reasonably demanded.

What you won't find in my lists are 'missing phosphors'. I accept that they exist and many dealers list them and they do seem to command high prices but they remain accidents in my opinion and, whilst  of interest maybe to some, in the same way that printing errors can be collectable, they simply don't meet my criteria for this catalogue. Looking at  the number that exist, and the prices demanded, I would feel obliged to include  a link to providers of second mortgages if I were ever to change that view.

home
introduction
illustrations
GB £sd
GB decimals
NVI
150th Anniv
regionals
contact
news

ref no
value
colour

phosphor

printer

perf

type

group

issue

SG no

price
notes
© Andrew Hill International Milton Keynes, UK, 2000
E&OE Prices are for illustration purposes only. Ask for current details.