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Diabetes is a disease in which the body simply does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. There are two major types of diabetes: Type 1 - A disease, in which the body does not produce any insulin, most often occurring in children and young people. All people with Type 1 diabetes must take daily insulin injections to stay alive. Type 1 diabetes accounts for between 5 - 10 % of diabetes. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. If the sugar builds up without going into the cells, it can cause major problems: 1, your cells may be starved for energy. 2 Over time, high blood sugar levels may damage your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart. The pancreas, an organ near your stomach, produces insulin. The pancreas contains cells called beta cells. Beta cells do a vital job: They make insulin, a hormone that helps cells take in the sugar they need. Sometimes, the beta cells get wiped out. Many things might have killed your beta cells, but in most people with Type 1 diabetes, the immune system makes a mistake. Cells that normally protect you from germs attack your beta cells instead. The beta cells die. Without beta cells, you make no insulin. Sugar builds up in your blood, and you get diabetes.
Type 2 – This is a metabolic disorder resulting from the body's inability to make enough, or properly use, insulin. It is the most common form of the disease. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 % of cases Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems: 1.Right away, your cells may be starved for energy. 2.Over time, high blood sugar levels may damage other parts of your body i.e. eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart and other important parts of your body. The goal of treatment is to lower your blood sugar and improve your body's use of insulin with: Meal planning and getting regular exercise can help your body maintain healthy blood sugar levels. If you're overweight, losing weight can be another big part of your diabetes treatment. It will help your body use insulin better. The best way to lose weight is to exercise and follow a meal plan. With a weight loss meal plan, you will eat fewer calories. Decide with your health care provider how much to lose. Occasionally a 10-20 pound reduction in weight can give excellent results Of course you can measure your own blood sugar levels at home using a glucose meter. Sometimes, using a meal plan, losing weight and being active are not enough. In addition, your doctor may have you take diabetes pills, insulin shots or both.
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