• Chapter 12:
  • The Jacobite Rebellions of 1715 and 1745
  • Friction increased which led to a notion,

  • Union repeal became a Lord's motion,1
  • All Scottish Lords combined Whig and Tory,
  • Voted in favour though they were sorry,
  • As lose they did though just by a smidgen.
  • Anne had now died so off flew the pigeon2
  • With good news for George, son of Sophia,3
  • If you recall was mentioned up higher4
  • King Georgie (the one) aged now fifty-four,5
  • Hanover's "in" left the Jacobites sore
  • Meet Bobbing John, eleventh Earl of Mar,6
  • Steadfast proponent of Union so far,
  • Minister of State 'til George (one) arrived,
  • But sacked from his job he therefore connived,
  • In a moment of pique with rebel Lords,
  • Glenlyon, Lochiel and their feudal "swords",7
  • At bonnie Braemar a gath'ring they held,8
  • The Standard was raised---Stuart plaudits were yelled.
  • At tactics of war old Mar was quite poor,
  • "Red John of the battles" at Sheriffmuir,9
  • With less numbers drew and much better led;10
  • Too late, Jamie Stuart reached Peterhead,11
  • Dallying Erskine the wrong tactics chose---,
  • Jamie and he fled to France from Montrose12
  • Supporters were left to carry the can,13
  • Free pardons for all except just one clan,14
  • MacGregors; Campbells always had hated15
  • Support for the "Cause" had not abated
  • With half of the clans---while others made roads,
  • Opened the Highlands to all the known modes16
  • Of transport required for futurist trade,
  • Of tourism---all thanks to General Wade17
  • Some friendly Whig clans Wade managed to meld,
  • The government's cause they always upheld,18
  • Their tunics were red, their tartan near black.
  • Meantime James Stuart from France got the sack,19
  • Hightailed it to Rome with Charlie his son,
  • And Jacobite hopes seemed over and done,
  • Meet Alberoni, Spain's first minister,20
  • Upset with the Brits for their naval flair,
  • Who backed the Italians, sinking Spain's fleet,21
  • Al' sought his revenge, some rebels he'd meet,
  • So Jacobite hopes awakened again,
  • Gathered at Cadiz were five thousand men,
  • Invasion of England, one of the plans,
  • The other to muster some Scottish clans.22
  • Storms scuppered the first, the second failed too,
  • Few clansmen came out James' Cause to pursue.
  • At Eilean Donan their base was knocked out,
  • Fiasco followed by Invershiel rout.
  • No longer welcome in his Spanish home,23
  • Pretender James Stuart went back to Rome,
  • As only the Pope thought James still a king;
  • One roll of the dice would change everything.
  • Lou (fifteen) of France was hatching a plot,
  • With Britain, a war looked likely as not.
  • At Dunkirk his fleet was being amassed,
  • Jamie in Rome got the invite at last,
  • Charlie was sent as his Regent-to-be,
  • The French got real scared by thundering sea,
  • And violent storms confounded their plan---
  • Undaunted young Charlie wasn't the man,
  • To give up like that and go back to Rome,
  • Risking it all for a new British home.
  • He landed at Moidart---MacDonald land,24
  • Seven men only in his tiny band,
  • Clan chiefs were averse to back Charlie's plan,
  • Til Cameron clansmen all to a man
  • Followed the lead of their chieftain, Lochiel,
  • Joined Bonnie Charlie---a hardcore of steel.
  • The Standard was raised and lots more "came out",25
  • At Perth he proclaimed his dad with a shout,
  • To be the real King and not George (the two)26
  • And thrashed Johnny Cope without much ado;27
  • In Ed'nburgh he lodged at Holyrood House,
  • Then marched down to England hoping to rouse
  • Support for his cause, slightly ambitious,
  • Like most Scots' views, they thought it seditious.
  • Back to the Highlands from Derby they tramped,
  • And near Inverness the clansmen encamped,
  • Exhausted, half starved, in no shape to fight,
  • 'Gainst forces greater in numbers and might,
  • Severely were crushed by Hanover's force28
  • His army ko'd, Chuck mounted his horse,
  • Took off for the hills and tales of romance,
  • With Flora to Skye the myth to enhance29
  • The truth, more prosaic---royal or no,
  • Lice, dysent'ry, midges all had a go,
  • And to his wits end Charlie was driv'n,
  • Flora's aid only reluctantly giv'n,
  • (Fought had her dad on the Hanover side);30
  • Charlie's romantic tales do still abide.
  • Arrived back in France, then was deported31
  • To drunken ways in Rome he resorted32
  • Rebels no longer would dare to oppose
  • Hanover's rule---the demise of White Rose.
  • Savage brutality was meted out
  • To folk in the Highlands, all round about,
  • By William Augustus, son of George (two),33
  • Known as the "Butcher" and aptly named too.
  • Jacobite prisoners died by the rope,34
  • Others were banished and given no hope,35
  • Sev'n hundred whose fate now nothing is known.
  • Tartan proscribed only not that alone,
  • Weapons were banned as were the bagpipes,36
  • Lands confiscated of attainted types.
  • Notes
  • 1 House of Lords, 1713.
  • 2 1714.
  • 3 George I, (r.1714-1727).
  • 4 James VI's Granddaughter.
  • 5 The first Hanovarian king.
  • 6 John Erskine, (1675-1732). Nicknamed "Bobbing" because he kept changing sides.
  • 7 1715 Jacobite rebellion.
  • 8 6 September, 1715.
  • 9 John Campbell, Duke of Argyll.
  • 10 Battle of Sheriffmuir, November 1515.
  • 11 The Old Pretender.
  • 12 4 February 1716
  • 13 Only two were executed.
  • 14 Act of Grace, 1717.
  • 15 Argyll was chief of the Campbell clan.
  • 16 1725-29
  • 17 And Duncan Forbes of Culloden.
  • 18 The Black Watch, 1729.
  • 19 Expelled by the Peace of Utrecht.
  • 20 Cardinal Guilio Alberoni, son of an Italian gardener, first minister of Philip V of Spain.
  • 21 Britain was obliged to support Italy in its fight with Spain by the terms of the Peace of Utrecht.
  • 22 The 1719 rising.
  • 23 By December 1719 Cardinal Alberoni James's sponsor had fallen from power and was in exile in Italy.
  • 24 25 July, 1745.
  • 25 At Glenfinnan, 19 August.
  • 26 George II, (r.1727-1760).
  • 27 Sir John Cope, routed at the battle of Prestonpans. d.1760.
  • 28 Battle of Culloden, 16 April, 1746.
  • 29 Flora MacDonald, (1722-1790).
  • 30 More Scots had fought for the Government than on the Jacobite side.
  • 31 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748.
  • 32 He died in 1788.
  • 33 Duke of Cumberland, (1721-1765).
  • 34 120 in all.
  • 35 1150 were transported.
  • 36 Disarming Act.
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