• Chapter 13:
  • The Enlightenment: Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions
  • The rest of the Nation little did care,1

  • Reason's arrival pervaded the air,2
  • Enlight'ning thoughts percolated throughout,
  • Great Scottish minds spread their wisdom about,
  • All across Europe their notions held sway,
  • Voltaire, philosophe, was forced then to say:
  • "Scot's learning espoused the apex of Art".3
  • Dave Hume, Adam Smith and others apart4
  • Knowledge enriched they in many a sphere,5
  • Paladian style at home made it clear,
  • The name "Modern Athens" now still reserved
  • For Reekie's "New Town", was richly deserved6
  • By architect brothers both, Rob and Will7
  • Among many artists, two top the bill,
  • Henry and Allan in classical style,8
  • Technical know-how advanced all the while,
  • Geologist Hutton, Gregory, Black,9
  • In science and maths pushed boundaries back
  • The Reverend Alex counted all heads,10
  • Both clergy and lay and those in their beds
  • Steam engineering remembers James Watt;11
  • By Cullen in Glasgow med'cine was taught;12
  • Ramsay and Thomson wrote poems in turns,13
  • Were followed by Fergie and Rabbie Burns14
  • Radical thoughts on kids' education,
  • Varsity's growth on John's intimation.15
  • Canals, roads and bridges built by the score,16
  • Harbours established around Scotland's shore
  • Coaches sped faster along their new roads,17
  • With Pete's Penny-post the mail improved loads18
  • While farming advanced by great leaps and bounds,19
  • Runrig in outfields and old grazing grounds,
  • Commonly used by many a rustic,
  • Went by the board. The yields were fantastic
  • Gained by Improvers rotating the crop,20
  • Enclosure of lands by those at the top,
  • Dykes levelled in protest to no avail,21
  • And farming’s improvements none could assail;
  • Some country folk left for faraway towns,
  • Cotton to spin---weave linen for gowns,22
  • Or other fine things like bonnets and slacks,
  • White Rose replaced by the blue flower of flax!23
  • Owners of land their wealth they invested,
  • Factories built, machines were invented;24
  • Water and steam pow'r depending on coal,
  • Iron-made goods which were useful to all.25
  • Flourishing trade, more urbanisation,
  • Changing the future face of the Nation;
  • Down in the Lowlands around Glasgow way,
  • Expansion, production were here to stay;26
  • Steam ship the Comet the Clyde serviced well,
  • With her engines of steam fashioned by Bell;27
  • Paddle-wheel boats on the Forth-Clyde Canal,
  • One named Charlotte Dundas, not quite banal28
  • Spinners and weavers were busy in Fife,29
  • While jennies in Dundee sprang into life;
  • The finished textiles then had to be white,30
  • Bleachfields now covered with fabrics so bright.31
  • The Old Stat. Account describes it all well,32
  • Each parish's details clearly does tell.
  • Notes
  • 1 About the Jacobite cause.
  • 2 The Scottish Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.
  • 3 Famous French philosopher who's real name was Francois M. Arouet who said
  • "at the present time it is from Scotland we receive rules of taste in the Arts".
  • 4 David Hume, (1711-76).
  • 5 Adam Smith, (1723-90).
  • 6 Edinburgh.
  • 7 William and Robert Adam, (1728-92).
  • 8 Henry Raeburn, (1756-1823) and Allan Ramsay, (1713-84).
  • 9 James Hutton, David Gregory, and Dr. Joseph Black, (1728-99).
  • 10 Rev. Dr. Alexander Webster, (1707-84).
  • 11 James Watt, (1736-1819).
  • 12 Professor William Cullen, (1710-90).
  • 13 Alan Ramsay & James Thomson.
  • 14 Robert Ferguson, (1723-1816) and Robert Burns, (1759-96).
  • 15 John Anderson, linguist and physicist, (1726-96), who also established a second university in Glasgow.
  • 16 John Loudon McAdam, (1756-1836).
  • 17 Thomas Telford, (1757-1834)and John Rennie, (1761-1821).
  • 18 Peter Williamson in Edinburgh.
  • 19 The Agricultural Revolution, c.1750.
  • 20 Eg. Sir Archibald Grant, Monymusk, (1696-1778) and John Cockburn of Ormistone, (1679-1758).
  • 21 The protesters were called "Levellers".
  • 22 Glasgow and Paisley's linen and cotton mills.
  • 23 The White Rose was the emblem of the Jacobites.
  • 24 The Industrial Revolution.
  • 25 Carron Iron Works near Falkirk established, 1759.
  • 26 Textiles, iron foundry, foreign trade.
  • 27 Henry Bell, 1767-1830.
  • 28 Built by William Symington,1763-1831).
  • 29 Dunfermline and Dundee also Arbroath became the capitals of the linen trade
  • 30 Bleach was patented by Charles Tennant, (1768-1838).
  • 31 Bleached fabrics were exposed to sunlight on so-called bleachfields.
  • 32 The Old Statistical Account, (1791-99) was a comprehensive questionaire devised by
  • Sir John Sinclair, (1754-1835) and the answers provided and compiled in narrative form by
  • the local parish Church of Scotland minister.
  • Click to return to the history menu or to our home page