• Chapter 16:
  • The 20th Century, Acknowledgement and Sources
  • Vicky, the queen died in 1901,

  • Then followed she was by Edward her son,1
  • Ending the era her name has inferred.
  • Socialist voices increasingly heard,2
  • From origins lowly, Keir Hardie rose,
  • Two Labour Parties he dared to propose.3
  • Tories in power with Art as PM,4
  • In-party discord unable to stem
  • Easily Lib'rals won the election,5
  • Introduced pensions for the old section6
  • Dark clouds over Europe heralded war,
  • The Kaiser's aggression all must deplore,7
  • Eight million lay dead, twenty one crippled,8
  • By deadly gunfire heartlessly stippled.
  • Four years of conflict---naivety gone,
  • Emperor William not brought to atone!9
  • Not only Scotland but we played our part,
  • 'Er Mass conscription, were in from the start.
  • War One's aftermath: pandemic of flu;
  • Politic's raised in polemic anew,10
  • Liberals routed and Tories well beat,11
  • Each "Clydesider Red" went south for his seat,12
  • Another two years saw Labour's first win,13
  • Just for one year then again Tories in14
  • Mine owners' wage-cuts caused gen'ral dissent,15
  • Others joined in so all knew what that meant,16
  • On strike for nine days then called it all off,
  • The Congress gave in and Stanley could scoff17
  • People then voted for Lossie's own son;18
  • Depression hit hard and all was undone;
  • A Nat'nal approach with Mac at the head;19
  • SNP founded which Cunninghame led20
  • Places depressed helped with funds set aside,21
  • Queen Mary launched from the Bank of the Clyde22
  • Nat'nal approach now with Stan at the head;23
  • Telly researches which John Logie led;24
  • Scots culture Beeb broadcasts sought to revive,25
  • National feelings were bound to survive26
  • But shelved it must be, all Europe's ablaze,27
  • Because of the Nazi's Lebensraum craze28
  • All ports on the Clyde a vital role played,
  • Essential supplies---war effort maintained;
  • Sheltered at Greenock repaired were the ships,
  • Kept ocean lanes open for US trips.
  • Gerry bombed Clydeside, a thousand folk died,29
  • The Allies won through and everyone sighed.
  • Jobs in the Highlands created by Tom,30
  • While Border's farmers did better than some31
  • Clem was elected and Winston was out;32
  • From Motherwell came a Nationalist shout33
  • Honours conferred on Sir Alex Fleming,34
  • Antibiotics from his work stemming;35
  • Ayrshire's Boyd Orr with his Plan for World Food,36
  • The UN rebuffed, for peace then he stood37
  • In "Northern Athens" 'twas carnival time,38
  • All song and dance, drama, music and rhyme.
  • Beveridge Report was adopted at last,39
  • And free NHS by Labour was passed40
  • "Home Rule!" was the cry, they took back the Stone,41
  • Where Ed (one) had put it---under his throne42
  • Tories and Labour now end neck and neck,43
  • Forsaken Jo has a lonesome old trek,44
  • Down to the "Smoke", restating his mission,
  • Folk keener to watch their television45
  • Moving abroad reduced population,46
  • The cause was de-industri'lization47
  • SNP's Ewing won Hamilton's seat;48
  • And North Sea's oil kept the Chancellor sweet;
  • Donside now has a hamburger flavour;49
  • All day gin-slings you're able to savour50
  • The question: Should Scotland now be devolved?51
  • "Dinna ken" answer left it unresolved52
  • Chips (not with fish) made in Silicon Glen;53
  • Rise still in old trades of unemployed men54
  • Flowers in Glasgow---most refreshing sights,55
  • In culture the city reaches the heights,56
  • Music and song, the Burrell Collection,57
  • Some of the good things that one should mention
  • Flourishing tourism, but fishing declined.
  • For their own parli'ment Scots had a mind,58
  • First Minister was tall Donald Dewar,
  • Labour came top, Scot Nat's seats much fewer,59
  • Tory and Lib Dem seats almost the same,
  • Scots Independence now all but in name.60
  • Notes
  • 1 Edward VII, (r.1901-1910).
  • 2 Independent Labour Part founded, 1893.
  • 3 James Keir Hardie, (1856-1915), the illegitimate son of Mary Keir who later married David Hardie,
  • was a pioneer socialist, and was fundamental in founding the Scottish Party, 1888
  • and also founded the Independant Labour Party in 1893.
  • 4 Arthur Jas Balfour, (1848-1930), resigned 1905
  • 5 Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, P.M. 1906, (1836-1908).
  • 6 Old age pensions, 1908.
  • 7 William II, Emperor of Germany.
  • 8 8,538,315 dead; 21,219,452 wounded, overall.
  • 9 Abdicated but protected in exile by the Dutch.
  • 10 Thirty Scots Labour MPs elected in 1922.
  • 11 Liberals 16; Lib. Unionists 12; Tories 15.
  • 12 The press nick-named the new Scottish labour MPs "Red Clydesiders".
  • 13 Ramsay MacDonald PM, 1923, (1866-1937).
  • 14 Stanley Baldwin PM, 1924.
  • 15 General Strike, 4-12 May, 1926.
  • 16 Railways, transport, docks, building, printing, metal trades and power industries closed down.
  • 17 Trade Union Congress. Stanley Baldwin, P. M.
  • 18 Ramsay MacDonald, P. M., (1929-1935).
  • 19 National Government, under R. MacDonald.
  • 20 The Scottish National Party led by R B Cunninghame Graham, 1928.
  • 21 Special Areas Act, 1934.
  • 22 Cunard liner no. 534 built in John Brown's shipyard, 1934.
  • 23 National Government, under Baldwin, 1935.
  • 24 John Logie Baird father of television.
  • 25 The BBC gave opportunities to Scots writers and dramatists.
  • 26 Saltire Society founded, 1936.
  • 27 World War II, (1939-45).
  • 28 Expansionist, literally "living space".
  • 29 13-15 March, 1940.
  • 30 Thomas Johnston, (1881-1965). The Hydro-electric scheme.
  • 31 They prospered meeting new demands.
  • 32 Labour under Atlee elected, 1945.
  • 33 Dr. R. McIntyre first SNP MP, 1945.
  • 34 Discoverer of penicillin, (1881-1955).
  • 35 Shared the Nobel prize for medicine in 1945.
  • 36 Lord John Boyd Orr, (1880-1971).
  • 37 Awarded Nobel peace prize in 1949.
  • 38 First Edinburgh International Festival, 1947.
  • 39 Sir William Beveridges 1942. Report on social services adopted under Labour.
  • 40 National Health Service established, 1948.
  • 41 Scottish Convention held and 2.5 million sign for Home Rule.
  • 42 Stone of Destiny, stolen by Edward I, was retreived from Westminster Abbey, 1950.
  • 43 Tories win under Churchill, 1951.
  • 44 Jo Grimond, leader of the Liberal Party, and MP for Orkney and Shetland, held the party's only seat
  • 45 Scottish Independent Television starts, 1955.
  • 46 1951 census, quarter of a million migrated.
  • 47 Reduction in employment un heavy industries.
  • 48 Winifred Ewing won by-election, 1967, (d.2006).
  • 49 Aberdeen had become the oil capital and was being inundated by Americans.
  • 50 Licensing (Scotland) Act, 1976.
  • 51 Devolution referendum, 1979.
  • 52 Only 32% were in favour, although that was a majority of those voting.
  • 53 Over 50% of Britain's integrated circuits built there.
  • 54 Unemployment at over 13%, 1987.
  • 55 Glasgow Garden Festival, 1988.
  • 56 European City of Culture, 1990.
  • 57 Home of the National Orchestra and Orpheus, (later Phoenix), Choir.
  • 58 74% voted in favour
  • 59 Election, May 1999.
  • 60 Scottish Parliament Officially opened July 1999. It removed to the new purpose-built building on
  • September 7, 2004 which cost ten times the original budget!
  • Acknowledgement:
  • Writing this history-based rhyme has given me much pleasure and I should just like to put on record
  • my thanks to Sheena for her indulgance and for proof-reading the entire text and for her suggestions
  • and corrections. I should also like to thank all of you, who have seen earlier draft excerpts,
  • for your interest and encouragement.
  • Charles M. Flett

  • Sources:
  • J. D. Mackie, A History of Scotland, 1976
  • J. Halliday, Scotland A Concise History, 1990
  • S. Boardman, The Early Stewart Kings, Robert II and Robert III, 1996
  • B. Lenman, The Jacobite Cause, 1986
  • I. Donnachie and G. Hewitt, A Companion to Scottish History, 1989
  • J. Guy, 'My Heart is my Own'. The Life of Mary Queen of Scots, 2004
  • T. C. Smout, A History of the Scottish People, 1560-1830, 1982
  • T. C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People, 1830-1950, 1988
  • W. Ferguson, Scotland 1689 to the Present, 1997
  • A. Marwick, British Society since 1945, 1996
  • Scotland Office Website
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